ORIENTATION —» | OUTWARD | EXPRESSIVE | EMPOWERMENT | SOLIDARITY |
---|---|---|---|---|
WORK is | the definition and pursuit of interests. | the expression of identities. | the individual empowerment of activists. | the building of solidarity between activists. |
CONSTITUENTS seek | the definition and pursuit of their own interests. | the expression of their own identities. | their own empowerment. | their own collective binding into a movement. |
ADHERENTS seek | the definition and pursuit of the interests of others. | the expression of others’ identities. | the empowerment of others. | the collective binding of others into a movement. |
ORIENTATION —» | OUTWARD | EXPRESSIVE | EMPOWERMENT | SOLIDARITY |
---|---|---|---|---|
In work of LOW AMBITION | Interests are not defined by the persons whose interests they are, but by others. Interests are already-formed (‘crystallized’). | Identity claim is based on similarity. Claims are petitions from below. Tolerance and respect are sought for the new identity. | Activists learn already-existing capabilities they do not possess (and others do). Activists acquire such capabilities through instruction (as pupils). | Activists keep politics and life apart until the goal is achieved. Activists embrace only the same goal. |
In work of HIGH AMBITION | Interests are defined by the persons whose interests they are. Interests are emergent. | Identity claim is based on distinctness. Claims are demands from equality. Recognition and esteem are sought for the new identity. | Activists discover, develop and assess capabilities they already possess. Activists acquire such capabilities through interactive discussion between teachers and taught. | Activists live their politics now. Activists seek to share everything with everyone (e.g. feeling the same way) |
MOTIVATION —» | RATIONAL SELF-INTEREST | MORAL OBLIGATIONS | SOCIAL NORMS |
---|---|---|---|
CONSTITUENTS | Collective benefits of goal accomplishment (and selective incentives). | Reciprocal moral obligations to each other. | Conjoint norms of reciprocity. |
ADHERENTS | Selective incentives. | Non-reciprocal moral obligations to others. | Disjoint norms of service. |
ORIENTATION —» | OUTWARD | EXPRESSIVE | EMPOWERMENT | SOLIDARITY |
---|---|---|---|---|
DISJOINT approaches | ‘Championing’ | ‘Validating’ | ‘Instruction’ | ‘Unlived politics’ |
CONJOINT approaches | ‘Allying’ | ‘Crossing over’ | ‘Co-learning’ | ‘Prefiguration’ |
SELF-RELIANT approaches | ‘Self-representation’ | ‘Self-expression’ | ‘Self-empowerment’ | ‘Self-sufficiency’ |